Os recursos energéticos na geopolítica dos estados: inserção do Brasil no mercado de metais críticos estratégicos - uma análise comparativa com a política chinesa (2000-2025)

Abstract

This dissertation analyzes the growing importance of critical and strategic minerals (CSMs) — such as lithium, rare earths, and cobalt, essential for green and digital technologies — in contemporary geopolitics. Using a theoretical approach integrated with geopolitical realism, resource security, and environmental governance, it investigates Brazil's potential in this strategic market from 2000 to 2025, marked by accelerating global demand for these minerals. It identifies key obstacles, such as precarious infrastructure, inadequate regulatory frameworks, and technological lag, to its consolidation as a global strategic player. Comparing with China's experience in developing industrial and technological policies for CSMs, the study highlights the lack of a coordinated national strategy in Brazil and proposes concrete guidelines, including regulatory modernization and incentives for mineral research, to strengthen its insertion in global CSM value chains. It concludes that transforming resources into geopolitical power requires long-term political decisions and effective institutional coordination.