O soft power brasileiro: o papel do Brasil nas políticas antárticas sul-americanas

Abstract

This dissertation aims to analyze Brazil's role in Antarctica as a vector of geopolitical projection in South America, standing out through its scientific infrastructure, diplomatic engagement, and strategic presence in the southern continent. It is based on the understanding that Antarctica constitutes a priority area within Brazil’s strategic surroundings, with polar science serving as a fundamental tool for the exercise of Soft Power and the country’s international insertion. The research examines the evolution of the Brazilian Antarctic Program (PROANTAR), the significance of the Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station (EACF), and the role of the Brazilian Navy (MB) in logistical operations. It also analyzes the National Policy for Antarctic Affairs (POLANTAR) and the Antarctic Action Plan 2023–2032, positioning Brazil as one of the most structured South American countries within the framework of the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS). Methodologically, the dissertation employs documentary analysis and a qualitative approach, emphasizing the integration of geopolitics, scientific cooperation, and national defense strategy. The study also provides a summarized overview of South American countries’ activities in the frozen continent. The comparison among member countries of the Meeting of Administrators of Latin American Antarctic Programs (RAPAL) demonstrates that Brazil, by strengthening its scientific and institutional presence in Antarctica, consolidates its regional leadership and expands its capacity to influence decisions regarding the continent’s future. It concludes that, to safeguard its interests in the post-2048 Antarctic scenario, Brazil must continue investing in the articulation of science, diplomacy, and naval power, assuming a central role in the consolidation of an active Latin American bloc within the Antarctic regime.