Descarbonização do transporte marítimo como política pública: a atuação da autoridade marítima frente às estratégias da IMO para a redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa provenientes de navios

Abstract

The decarbonization of maritime transport represents a strategic challenge for global environmental governance, driven by the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from shipping. This study examines the role of the Brazilian Maritime Authority in implementing the guidelines and strategies of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) aimed at mitigating these emissions, highlighting the importance of national public policies for fulfilling Brazil’s commitments. The research explores the international regulatory framework, technical measures for energy efficiency, the transition to alternative fuels, and the creation of green corridors, as well as the coordination between international standards, national regulations, and strategic actions of the Maritime Authority. The study highlights initiatives such as the incorporation of IMO regulations into national law, the inspection and certification of MARPOL Annex VI requirements, regulatory adjustments for alternative fuels, professional training for seafarers, and the proposal of a national maritime energy transition fund. It concludes that integrating public policies, international regulation, and the Maritime Authority’s proactive role is essential to enable the sector’s decarbonization, strengthen the competitiveness of the Brazilian merchant fleet, and promote sustainable maritime transport.