O potencial estratégico do hidrogênio verde como vetor de reposicionamento geopolítico do Brasil no sistema internacional

Abstract

This analytical study, based on a bibliographic review, assesses the strategic potential of green hydrogen as a vector for Brazil’s geopolitical repositioning in the international system. It addresses the main energy resources that have historically sustained power among States, such as oil, natural gas, and coal, and their implications for international relations, highlighting the role of energy in forming alliances and defining trade routes. The advancement of the energy transition is examined, directed by international commitments established in global forums and conventions, which drive sustainable solutions and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, especially those associated with fossil fuel use. The study analyzes the characteristics and fundamentals of green hydrogen, its role in decarbonization, and its industrial and logistical applications, emphasizing it as a central element in the future energy matrix. Given its relevance in the transition to a low-carbon economy, Brazil’s production potential is evaluated considering the abundance of renewable resources, installed capacity, port infrastructure, and geostrategic position, as well as major projects under development, investments, international partnerships. The geopolitical impacts of green hydrogen and the Brazilian Navy’s role in securing maritime export routes and protecting critical infrastructure and maritime communication lines are also discussed, as provided for in the Maritime Defense Strategy and in studies by the Naval War College. It is concluded that green hydrogen, combined with state policies that integrate energy security, technological innovation, and active diplomacy, represents a unique opportunity for Brazil to consolidate itself as a sustainable energy power and expand its international influence, reinforcing its leadership in the new energy geopolitics.