A evolução da diplomacia naval soviètica: uma análise à luz dos pensadores clássicos e contemporâneos aplicada à Guerra Fria (1962-1986)

Abstract

This dissertation investigates the evolution of Soviet naval diplomacy during the Cold War (1962–1986), analyzing the extent to which such actions aligned with, or diverged from, the main theoretical frameworks of maritime power. The research is based on the premise that, given the limitations imposed by a predominantly continental strategic posture, the Soviet Union progressively employed its Navy as a tool for power projection, political influence, and deterrence, particularly in response to NATO’s growing presence in the region. Using a qualitative, theory-oriented analytical methodology centered on the confrontation between theory and practice, the study draws upon the works of both classical and contemporary thinkers, such as Mahan, Gorshkov, Booth, Till, and Gray; to examine Soviet naval-diplomatic actions, with special emphasis on the use of the 5th Squadron and the submarine fleet. The analysis demonstrates that, despite not achieving naval parity with the West, the USSR effectively leveraged continuous naval presence, technical-military cooperation, and strategic signaling to expand its international influence, shape perceptions, and balance geopolitical dynamics. Ultimately, the dissertation concludes that Soviet naval diplomacy was a successful instrument of foreign policy and contributed to a redefinition of maritime power as a political asset in peacetime. The lessons drawn from this experience remain relevant today, particularly for emerging powers seeking to assert strategic presence in sensitive maritime environments.