O conflito entre a Argentina e o Reino Unido, em 1982: as estratégias marítimas utilizadas e a influência do conflito na elaboração do pensamento estratégico contemporâneo do Brasil para o Atlântico Sul

Abstract

The aim of this monograph is to describe and analyze the maritime strategies employed by Argentina and Great Britain during the conflict over the Malvinas Archipelago (for the Argentines), or Falklands (for the British). In order to achieve the objectives of this work, a brief history of Maritime Strategies was first presented, followed by a description and analysis of the concepts of maritime strategies, their connections, and their use. After understanding these concepts, the background to the conflict was presented, as well as the maritime strategies used by the two belligerent countries, since it was an eminently maritime war. Among the maritime strategies identified in the course of the analysis, there was an emphasis on the wealth strategy, which, according to one of the authors consulted, corresponds to a sub-strategy of the maritime strategy. However, this research re-analyzed and came to the conclusion that this strategy is directly connected to a general strategy (generally, political and economic, focusing on national interests). In this context, the wealth strategy is above the maritime strategy and is used to enable the allocation of resources necessary for the planning and use of the other maritime strategies (power projection, deterrence, perception, diplomacy, control of maritime areas, control of the sea, denial of the use of the sea and employment and mobilization of maritime power). In this sense, as foreseen in the general objective, we analyzed how this conflict influenced Brazil's Maritime Strategic Thinking, coming to the conclusion that Brazil planned its maritime strategies based on lessons learned from this conflict, such as the nuclear sbmarine development program, the use of shipborne aviation and surface vessels, as well as keeping its islands permanently occupied, guaranteeing its sovereignty and preventing a similar event from occurring in the country. Another lesson learned: the country must ensure that its maritime strategy planning for the South Atlantic continues to keep pace with technological advances; and that a wealth strategy is fundamental to a means strategy.