A crescente presença da China na América do Sul: implicações para a geopolítica regional e para os laços sul-americanos com os Estados Unidos

Abstract

This term paper analyzes China's international rise based on its growing presence in South America, highlighting how this activity has brought about significant changes in the global geopolitical balance. South America, traditionally seen as a zone of influence for the United States, has come to play a strategic role in China's power projection, not only due to its abundance of natural resources, but also due to its geopolitical relevance, linked to trade routes, critical infrastructure, and potential for regional integration. The research explores the main agreements signed between China and South American countries, such as Brazil, Argentina, Peru, and Venezuela, focusing on areas such as infrastructure, energy, telecommunications, and trade. By analyzing the impacts of these partnerships, the study investigates both the economic benefits and the geopolitical risks, especially with regard to possible dependence on a single strategic partner. The paper also compares the models of international insertion adopted by China and the United States in the region, highlighting how China has advanced through investments and economic diplomacy, while the United States maintains an approach more focused on political alliances and hemispheric security. Finally, the central role of Brazil in this scenario and its decisions as a decisive factor for the future direction of South American geopolitics are discussed.