Automação e tomada de decisão militar: desafios e oportunidades à luz do estudo de casos de acidentes no ambiente operacional naval

Abstract

This dissertation investigates how automation systems impact military decision-making, considering the challenges and opportunities identified through the study of accidents in naval operational environments. The research is based on the premise that, although automation enhances operational efficiency and reduces response time, its inadequate implementation may exacerbate technical, cognitive, and organizational vulnerabilities. This is a qualitative study using a multiple case study approach (Yin, 2015), supported by descriptive data analysis and comparative content analysis, according to Bardin (2011). The structure of the research includes the following steps: (1) theoretical framework; (2) case selection; (3) collection of documentary data; (4) descriptive analysis of each case; (5) comparative content analysis; and (6) synthesis of findings and recommendations. Based on the theoretical review, three contemporary naval accident cases were selected: the USS Fitzgerald, USS John S. McCain, and KNM Helge Ingstad. From the case analyses and data cross-referencing, recurring failures were identified, such as cognitive overload, flaws in human-machine interface, and insufficient operator training. On the other hand, significant opportunities for technological and doctrinal improvement were observed, especially the development of user-centered systems, the implementation of adaptive supervision protocols, and the strengthening of effective operational training strategies. The study concludes that automation can act as a strategic force multiplier, provided that the centrality of human judgment is preserved. It also recommends the formulation of a national doctrine capable of integrating technology, the human factor, and institutional values in a safe, ethical, and strategic manner.