Economia azul: os desafios e oportunidades para o desenvolvimento do Brasil a partir das diretrizes da nova Política Marítima Nacional

Abstract

This dissertation analyzes the challenges and opportunities for the development of the Blue Economy in Brazil, based on the guidelines established by the new National Maritime Policy (Decree No. 12,481/2025). The increasing recognition of the ocean as a strategic asset demands integrated public policies that promote sustainable development, innovation, and social justice. In Brazil, the consolidation of the Blue Economy requires coordination among key instruments such as the National Maritime Policy (PMN), the National Policy for Marine Resources (PNRM), and the Eleventh Sectoral Plan (XI PSRM), aligned with the 2030 Agenda and the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. This qualitative and exploratory research combines literature review, document analysis, and empirical study of six strategic sectors: offshore wind energy, marine mining, fisheries, tourism, marine biotechnology, and maritime clusters. The theoretical foundation draws on authors such as Pauli (2010), Santos et al. (2022), Andrade et al. (2024), and Abreu (2023), framing the Blue Economy as a state directive oriented toward sustainability and inclusion. The findings reveal regulatory gaps and weak coordination. Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) emerges as a key tool to operationalize PMN guidelines and ensure the rational use of marine resources for present and future generations.