Inteligência artificial e processo decisório militar: evolução, aplicações e lições a partir de Israel

Abstract

This study analyzes the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the military decision-making process, with emphasis on the documented experiences of the Israel Defense Forces, while also considering other relevant scenarios and actors. The research identifies the role of AI in data collection, integration, and analysis, assessing how these capabilities impact the planning, command and control (C2), and execution phases of operations. The methodology combines bibliographic and documentary review with qualitative analysis of documented cases and evolutionary milestones, organized into six chronological phases of development. Technical, operational, ethical, legal, and governance aspects are examined, including limitations, risks, and potential for doctrinal transformation. The main findings indicate that AI integration has reduced response times, improved target selection accuracy, and enhanced operational capability in complex environments, while posing significant challenges related to human oversight, algorithmic reliability, and legal compliance. It is concluded that the Israeli experience offers lessons applicable to other contexts, including Brazil, highlighting the need to balance technological innovation with institutional safeguards. Strengthening governance and adopting normative guidelines to ensure transparency, traceability, and meaningful human control over automated decision-making systems are recommended.