A nova política marítima nacional e oceanopolítica: convergências estratégicas para a defesa e projeção no Atlântico Sul

Abstract

This dissertation examines the new Brazilian Maritime Policy (PMN), established by Decree No. 12.481 of 2025, from a strategic and geopolitical perspective, with special attention to the valorization of the South Atlantic and the Blue Amazon. The study is based on the premise that the sea is a vital space for power projection, economic development and the affirmation of national sovereignty. To this end, theoretical foundations such as Jorge Martínez Busch's Oceanopolitics, Therezinha de Castro's geopolitical thought and the concept of the Blue Amazon, developed in the doctrine of the Brazilian Navy as an expression of the strategic value of Maritime Power, are mobilized. The work also presents a critical analysis of the main defense documents, including the National Defense Policy (PND), the National Defense Strategy (END) and the National Defense White Paper (LBDN), highlighting their convergences with the new PMN. The research adopts a qualitative approach, based on bibliographic review and document analysis, and identifies important advances in the formulation of the policy, such as conceptual systematization and the recognition of the sea as a strategic space. However, it points out limitations regarding the absence of binding mechanisms and the lack of a defined governance structure. Finally, it proposes that the consolidation of the PMN depends on institutional strengthening and coordination among the various civil and military actors involved in the governance of the sea.