Os acordos de compensação como instrumento para incremento da base industrial de defesa: um estudo comparativo dos offsets do Gripen NG e das Fragatas Classe Tamandaré

Abstract

This dissertation conducts a comparative analysis of the offset agreements adopted in the Tamandaré Class Frigates and Gripen NG Fighter programs, both considered fundamental to the development and strengthening of the Brazilian Defense Industrial Base (DIB). The work is based on the premise that, for developing countries seeking to consolidate their sovereignty and technological autonomy, the compensation mechanisms associated with the acquisition of defense systems are strategic instruments for the internalization of critical technologies, the generation of skilled jobs, and the stimulation of industrial innovation. The research examines the historical and regulatory context of offsets in Brazil, highlighting the evolution of this mechanism from specific initiatives in the 1970s and 1980s to its institutionalization with Law No.12,598/2012. In examining the selected cases, it is observed that both programs were structured under long-term public policies, involving investments that include not only the supply of military equipment, but above all the promotion of technology transfer, expansion of local content, establishment of strategic industrial partnerships, and training of specialized human resources. The analysis concludes that the similarities identified between the two programs, especially regarding structured technology transfer, the enhancement of local production, and the training of skilled labor, have contributed significantly to the increase in the DIB, providing quantitative and qualitative gains in innovation, autonomy, and development. Finally, the lessons learned from these agreements can guide future contracts in the field of national defense, serving as a reference for the continuous improvement of regulatory instruments and public policies to encourage the defense industry.