Segurança do tráfego aquaviário (STA): normas associadas ao derramamento de óleo no mar

Abstract

This dissertation investigates the relationship between legal norms governing maritime traffic safety and the prevention of oil pollution at sea, analyzing the effectiveness of these regulations in the face of large-scale environmental accidents. The study aims to identify the gap between normative theory and operational practice by examining international conventions and Brazilian legislation related to marine environmental protection. Using a qualitative methodology based on documentary analysis and case studies of oil spill events, the research evaluates the applicability, enforcement, and responsiveness of competent authorities. The findings reveal that, despite the existence of a detailed legal framework, its practical application is hindered by structural, operational, and institutional limitations. The study identifies human error, lack of inspection, and inter-agency coordination challenges as critical weaknesses that compromise regulatory effectiveness. It also highlights that national legislation insufficiently addresses the technical-operational aspects of pollution prevention, making it difficult to hold polluters accountable and to mitigate environmental damage. Finally, the research underscores the significant socio-environmental impacts of such incidents and emphasizes the need to strengthen a culture of prevention and improve existing regulatory and operational mechanisms.