A guerra híbrida no domínio marítimo: contribuições do uso de drone navais no conflito Rússia-Ucrânia (2022-2024) para o mar territorial brasileiro

Abstract

This dissertation examines hybrid warfare applied to the maritime domain, highlighting its strategic repercussions for Brazil’s territorial sea within the “Blue Amazon.” The research is grounded in the conceptual evolution of hybrid conflicts, addressing the combined use of military, economic, informational, and irregular instruments to achieve strategic objectives without formally crossing traditional thresholds of war. As a case study, it analyzes the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, focusing on Ukraine’s systematic use of naval drones to deny Russia the use of the sea, damage Black Sea Fleet units, and reshape classical concepts of maritime superiority. The methodology is qualitative, exploratory, and based on documentary analysis of Brazilian Navy doctrines as well as national and international strategic documents. The study concludes that hybrid threats impose unprecedented challenges to national sovereignty and economic stability, requiring flexible, interoperable, and technologically advanced naval capabilities, particularly C4ISR systems, electronic warfare, and cyber defense. It also emphasizes the need to protect sea lines of communication and strengthen the Defense Industrial Base, consolidating Brazil’s strategic autonomy. The research indicates that maritime mindset, interagency integration, and innovation are essential to ensure effective presence and proactive defense of national interests in the maritime environment.