Soberania marítima e defesa multidomínio: um modelo integrado de resposta a sistemas não tripulados

Abstract

This study analyzes the contemporary challenges to Brazilian maritime sovereignty in light of the growing use of unmanned systems across multiple domains, proposing an integrated multidomain defense model with emphasis on non-kinetic countermeasures. The research is based on the premise that unmanned systems present vulnerabilities that can be exploited through electronic, acoustic, and cyber warfare measures, enabling effective responses without resorting to lethal means. A qualitative methodology was adopted, grounded in an extensive review of national and international doctrine, strategic documents such as the National Defense Strategy and Estrategic Plan for Brazilian Navy 2040, as well as case studies of recent conflicts, including the war in Ukraine. The focus was placed on identifying operational gaps, assessing technological capabilities, and proposing integration guidelines. The resulting model integrates intelligent sensors, automated decision-making protocols, and adaptive effectors, ensuring interoperability across different domains. Furthermore, it advocates the establishment of multidomain command centers and the continuous training of operators, aligning with the guidelines of the Brazilian Navy and reinforcing the concept of the Blue Amazon as a vital area of national interest. The findings indicate that the coordinated application of non-kinetic countermeasures represents a feasible alternative to enhance naval resilience, reduce vulnerabilities in complex scenarios, and safeguard sovereignty over strategic areas. Ultimately, the adoption of an integrated multidomain model contributes not only to the modernization of defense capabilities but also to the consolidation of a proactive and deterrent national posture against emerging threats.