A geopolítica da América do SUL : A crise de Essequibo e possíveis implicações para a Marinha do Brasil

Abstract

This study analyzes, from a strategic, historical, and prospective perspective, the challenges and opportunities surrounding Brazilian maritime security and naval defense in the northern portion of the Blue Amazon, with a focus on the North Region. Based on the context of the territorial crisis between Venezuela and Guyana, particularly the Essequibo dispute and its repercussions in the equatorial Atlantic, the investigation highlighted the strategic resources, critical infrastructure, and increasingly important logistical corridors located on the northern margin of the Brazilian maritime territory. It then examines the doctrinal, legal, and institutional frameworks that guide the Brazilian Navy's operations, specifically addressing the operational specificities of the 4th Naval District Command area. Employng principles of the structured scenario development method, the study considered simulations of crisis and conflict hypotheses, assessment of installed capability gaps, and suggested guidelines for strengthening the naval presence in the area. The conclusions highlight the need for investment and deployment of larger, more autonomous assets, strengthening of advanced logistics infrastructure, integrated monitoring systems, doctrine for the defense of critical assets, and cooperation with friendly navies. The Brazilian Navy's operations in the Northern Region, therefore, are integral to Brazilian sovereignty, energy security, and projection, requiring long–term, ongoing actions in accordance with the surrounding strategic environment