A geopolítica da América do Sul e a influência da política externa dos EUA

Abstract

This monograph examines the historical influence of US foreign policy on South America, analyzing how economic, political, and security factors have shaped the regional configuration from the formulation of the Monroe Doctrine to contemporary challenges. The research demonstrates that US action was not limited to direct interventions, but was also consolidated through economic instruments, military alliances, and diplomatic strategies, constituting a pattern of hegemony adaptable to different historical contexts. The phases of the consolidation of informal imperialism, the centrality of the Cold War, and the adoption of neoliberal policies in the post-Cold War era are explored, highlighting the implications of these dynamics for the political and economic autonomy of South American countries. In addition, the US military presence is discussed. Bilateral relations with strategic countries, the impact of China's rise, and paths toward building a more autonomous regional architecture are also examined. The analysis is based on a review of the literature and theoretical references in geopolitics, highlighting classic authors such as Waltz, Mackinder, and Spykman. The study concludes that understanding US foreign policy is essential for assessing the geopolitical direction of South America, projecting future scenarios, and strengthening regional strategic capacity.