Sistemas de armas letais autônomas nos conflitos contemporâneos: o emprego de drones kamikazes e a compatibilidade com os princípios da humanidade e distinção na guerra entre Rússia e Ucrânia (2022-2023)

Abstract

This dissertation aims to analyze the use of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS) in contemporary conflicts, with a specific focus on the employment of kamikaze drones in the war between Russia and Ukraine (2022-2023). The study investigates the compatibility of these systems with the principles of humanity and distinction of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The research addresses the technological evolution of LAWS, their military applications, and the ethical and legal challenges associated with their use. The analysis includes a critical review of the literature, reports from international organizations, and specific cases from the Russia-Ukraine conflict. It concludes that, although LAWS offer strategic advantages, their autonomy raises significant concerns about the ability to comply with IHL principles, especially in complex urban environments. The dissertation highlights the need for international regulation to ensure that the development and use of these technologies respect human rights and the norms of warfare.