Avaliação da acurácia posicional com o uso do posiciona- mento cinemático pós-processado (PPK) aplicado à aerofotograme- tria digital associado a técnicas de processamento modernas

Abstract

The evaluation of positional accuracy in photogrammetric surveys is essential to ensure the reliability of cartographic products used in engineering, geosciences, and environmental monitoring. This monograph investigates the use of Post-Processed Kinematic (PPK) positioning applied to digital aerial photogrammetry, combined with modern image processing techniques. The main objective was to analyze the planimetric positional accuracy of orthophotos generated from a flight conducted with a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), by comparing the coordinates of points collected in the field with a geodetic GNSS receiver to the values extracted from the processed products. Control and check points distributed across the study area were used, with their coordinates determined via PPP on the IBGE online service. The aerial images were processed using specialized software, such as Agisoft Metashape, following steps of alignment, camera optimization, and orthophoto generation. Accuracy was assessed through the calculation of the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) in the planimetric axes and compared with international cartographic accuracy standards. The results indicated that integrating the PPK method into the digital photogrammetry workflow significantly reduces positional errors, ensuring compliance with normative requirements and increasing the reliability of the final products. Thus, the study demonstrates the efficiency of PPK as a viable alternative for projects requiring high positional accuracy, while reducing dependence on large quantities of field-collected control points.